Ø A combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and nucleotide sequencing is the most preferred and efficient method for characterization of different species, in terms of detection power and applicability to large scale screening. The present study was carried out with the aim of developing the molecular fingerprint of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene of Cattle, Buffalo and Yak. Blood samples were collected randomly from ten different animals of each species for mitochondrial DNA extraction. The extracted DNA was used for the amplification of the 16S rRNA gene using universal primers. The size of the amplified products was 600bp. RFLP studies were carried out by digesting the amplicons using restriction enzymes viz. AluI, HinfI and HaeIII. The resulting RFLP pattern could easily identify and differentiate each of the species. Sequencing of the amplicons in all three species was carried out to confirm the variations at nucleotide level. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene using MEGA4 software and also PCRRFLP revealed that the 16S rRNA gene can be used as a good candidate for a molecular marker

Emergence of antibiotic resistance microorganism is a common problem in our country. Antibiotic resistant organism is a serious concern to veterinary and medical practices as well as animal food producers. To fight with antibiotics resistance organisms and for safe food consumption alternative group to replace some conventional antibiotic is the need of the hour.Antimicrobial peptides are effective components of host defense and was explored as possible alternative to conventional antibiotics. Vast array of endogenous peptide antibiotic are produced by epithelial lining of the different organ and involve in continuous anti germ warfare. Different tissues from indigenous animals were collected , RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. All these cDNA were used for amplification of different AMP genes using specific primer. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced were analyzed and predicted for different peptides. The amino acid sequences of these peptides were used as template for synthesis of different animicrobial peptides and antimicrobial activities of these peptides were evaluated in representative gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Publication Type	Number
Research Article	79
Books	0
Book Chapter	5
Thesis	11